乳腺管內原位癌合併微小侵犯
★ Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion
一個70歲的婦人做乳房攝影出現異常,局部做線圈切片(wire location biopsy)發現有一5mm的DCIS(ductal carcinoma in situ)病灶,病理診斷呈comedocarcinoma並有microinvasion,荷爾蒙受體檢驗則為陰性反應。 以下我們分別由解釋定義、分類、症狀、診斷、治療及預後來討論這個病例。
Goal: To discuss the meaning of microinvasion with DCIS
Case: A 70-year-old woman presents for evaluation of an abnormal mammogram. A wire location biopsy reveals a 5-mm DCIS with comedonecrosis and " microinvasion." The hormone receptor assay is negative.
王郁婷/劉美伶
◎ 名詞定義
DCIS(Ductal carcinoma in situ):
1. 定義:指癌細胞沿著管腔往兩端散布,佈滿整個管路(ductal network),且只停留在管腔內。許多乳房癌起於DCIS,DCIS轉變成具侵略性的癌細胞(invasive clone,穿過基底層)稱為The Continuum Theory,這個理論認為侵略性癌細胞是從DCIS其中一個基因不穩定的細胞發展出來的,而同時並不會影響其他的DCIS細胞,所以DCIS和侵略性癌細胞可能同時存在同一病灶。
據統計的結果顯示 ,單純局部病灶切除後再復發的機率為18 %,而局部病灶切除加上術後放射線治療的復發率則降低到11% ,由此推論術後輔助性放射線治療有減低DCIS再復發的作用。
DCIS單做乳房保留手術後局部再發的機率,受下面六個因素影響: Nuclear grade, Margin width, Tumor size, Presence of necrosis, Comedo architecture, HER2neu (ERBB2)。臨床上有一簡便的評估方法,叫做 The Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI) [ 參照Table 3. ] ,其評估的重心擺在三個方面: Size, Margin, Pathological classification, 其中Pathological classification包含Nuclear grade和Presence of necrosis。
使用VNPI評估復發是看三項的總和分數,即: VNPI = pathological classification + margin score + size score Table 3. The Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI)
Score
1
2
3
Size ( mm )
≦15
16-40
≧41
margin ( mm )
≧10
1-9
<1
Pathological classification
Non-high-grade without necrosis
Non-high-grade with necrosis
High-grade with or without necrosis
每一項目最低分是1分;最高分是3分,所以總分最低是3分;最高是9分。再將總分分成三組,第一組是3, or 4,第二組是5, 6, or 7,第三組是8, or 9,根據臨床統計結果顯示,第一組病人不論乳房保留手術術後有沒有加做放射線治療,他們術後無復發的機率是差不多的;第二組病人,術後有加做放射治療者其不再復發的機率比單做乳房切除術高,在統計學上是有意義的;第三組病人可以明顯看出,術後有加做放療與沒有做放療兩者在復發的比例上差異相當的大。
See reference 7, See references 8-11, See reference 12, See reference 9, See reference 13
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